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What is the prostate?

What is the prostate? The prostate is a small gland found only in men, that is located between the bladder and the penis. It is about the size of a walnut but gets a little bigger after the male reaches 40 years of age.
The function of the prostate is to produce a thick white fluid which, when combined with sperm from the testicles, makes semen. It also produces a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which turns the semen into a liquid.

Prostate cancer symptoms:

With over 40,000 new cases diagnosed in the UK every year, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common cancer in men. Unfortunately, prostate cancer can remain silent for a long time. During the early stages, there may not be any noticeable symptoms at all.

In many cases, prostate cancer symptoms may only become apparent once the prostate gland is so enlarged that it begins to affect the flow of urine.

Some urinary symptoms include:

  • • Urinary frequency with or without reduced urine flow
  • • Urgency
  • • Blood in the urine and/or in the semen
  • • Burning sensation in the penis

Other prostate cancer symptoms which may occur include anemia, bone pain (back, hips and legs), erectile dysfunction, fractures, loss of appetite, weight loss and painful ejaculation.
Although these symptoms do not necessarily mean that you will have prostate cancer, they are a good indicator that something may be wrong. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, we recommend that you see your GP. .

Causes of prostate cancer

Whilst it is unknown what directly causes prostate cancer, there are a number of factors which can increase your risk in developing the condition.

These include:

  • • Age : Although the risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age, research shows that men aged 50 years or over are more likely to be diagnosed.
  • • Ethnicity : Prostate cancer is more common in African or African-Caribbean men
  • • Family history : if a close relative in your family has been diagnosed before they reached 60 years of age, your risk of developing prostate cancer may increase.

As with other cancers, the risk of developing prostate cancer can be increased if you lead an unhealthy lifestyle. There has been some research to suggest that those who exercise regularly and eat a healthy balanced diet, may be less at risk of developing prostate cancer.


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